Mechanistic data indicate that 1,3-butadiene is a human carcinogen

Why Believe That There Is a God?

This article presents an argument for the existence of God, showing that the evident phenomena are best explained by supposing that a God causes them. The argument is based on the inductive force of four very evident general phenomena: that there is a physical Universe; that it is governed by very simple natural laws; that those laws are such as to lead to the existence of human bodies; and tha...

Smokers commonly misperceive that nicotine is a major carcinogen: national survey data.

In vitro testing has shown that nicotine may play a role in making cancers more aggressive, 1 but the currently available evidence does not suggest that nicotine in itself induces cancer. 2 Despite this, many smokers believe that nicotine does cause cancer. For example, in a USA-based study it was found that 65% of smokers believed nicotine causes lung cancer and 71% believed it caused oral can...

A known human carcinogen.

IL-13 induces a bronchial epithelial phenotype that is profibrotic

BACKGROUND Inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-13) and mechanical perturbations (e.g. scrape injury) to the epithelium release profibrotic factors such as TGF-beta2, which may, in turn, stimulate subepithelial fibrosis in asthma. We hypothesized that prolonged IL-13 exposure creates a plastic epithelial phenotype that is profibrotic through continuous secretion of soluble mediators at levels that s...

Population data indicate that thyroid regulation is consistent with an equilibrium-point model, but not with a set-point model

Although it is believed that normal thyroid hormone levels are set points, representing individually pre-determined reference levels, in this paper, we discuss how analysis of the population distribution of Free Thyroxine/ Thyroid Simulating Hormone (FT4/TSH) levels supports a model of homeostasis in which these levels represent the equilibrium points of the physiologic processes of homeostasis...